Diseño y validación mediante el método Delphi de un cuestionario para conocer los criterios del jugador de baloncesto cuando penetra hacia la canasta / Desenho e validação através do método Delphi de um questionário para conhecer os critérios do jogador de basquete quando ele penetra em direção ao cesto / Design and validation by Delphi method of a questionnaire to determine the criteria of a basketball player when he drives

Uno de los elementos que más determinan el rendimiento en el jugador de baloncesto es su capacidad de toma de decisiones. Por ello, es necesario ampliar los estudios que permitan entender esta capacidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue construir y validar un cuestionario que permitiese conocer los Criterios del Jugador de Baloncesto cuando Penetra hacia la Canasta (CJB-PEC). Después de llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura por parte de los investigadores y de sostener una mesa de discusión, se procedió a la creación de tres dimensiones y 24 ítems para el cuestionario. Posteriormente, se seleccionó a un grupo de 10 diez expertos en el objeto de estudio de esta investigación, los cuales colaboraron vía remota por correo electrónico en la evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa del instrumento. Con el método Delphi en la primera versión tras obtener los valores medios de 10 expertos en univocidad, pertinencia e importancia a través del coeficiente de V de Aiken (0.75), con intervalos de confianza (IC) al 90% y nivel crítico al 0.70, se encontró que: la pregunta 20 no alcanzó el valor mínimo en la V de Aiken. Las preguntas 4,5,12,13,16, 20 en univocidad, la 12,18,19,20,21,24 en pertinencia, la 7,12,16, 18,19,20,21,24en importancia y la 12,18,19,20,24 en valor total no alcanzaron el nivel crítico. Con los resultados y observaciones de los expertos se modificó y construyó la segunda versión del cuestionario. Ésta tuvo 24 ítems, eliminándose las preguntas 4 y 20, reformulándose las preguntas por debajo del nivel crítico al 0.70 y agregándose 2 preguntas. Esta versión pasó a una segunda ronda con los expertos y consiguió valores superiores a 0.75 en la V de Aiken en todas las preguntas, con IC al 90%. Ninguna preguntaestuvo por debajo del nivel crítico al 0.70...(AU)

One of the elements that most determines the performance of a basketball player is their decision-making ability. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the studies that allow us to understand this capacity. The objective of this research was to construct and validate a questionnaire that would allow us to understand the Criteria of the Basketball Player when Penetrating to the Basket (CJB-PEC). After conducting a literature review by the researchers and holding a discussion, we proceeded to create three dimensions and 24 items for the questionnaire. Subsequently, a group of 10 experts in the subject of this research was selected, and they collaborated remotely via email in the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the instrument. Using the Delphi method in the first version, after obtaining the mean values from 10 experts in clarity, relevance, and importance through the Aiken's V coefficient (0.75), with confidence intervals (CI) at90% and a critical level at 0.70, itwas found that: question 20 did notreach the minimum value in Aiken's V. Questions 4, 5, 12, 13, 16, 20 in clarity, questions 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 in relevance, questions 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 in importance, and questions 12, 18, 19, 20, 24 in the total value did not reach the critical level. Based on the results and expert observations, the second version of the questionnaire was modified and constructed. This version had 24 items, with questions 4 and 20 removed, questions reformulated below the critical level of 0.70, and 2 newquestions added. This versionwent through a second round with the experts and achieved values above 0.75 in Aiken's V for all questions, with a 90% CI. No question was below the critical level of 0.70...(AU)

Um dos elementos que mais determina o desempenho de um jogador de basquetebol é a sua capacidade de tomar decisões. Assim, torna-se necessário expandir os estudos que nos permitam compreender essa capacidade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi construir e validar um questionário para avaliar os Critérios do Jogador de Basquetebol ao Penetrar na Cesto (CJB-PEC). Após a realização de uma revisão da literatura pelos investigadores e uma discussão, procedemos à criação de três dimensões e 24 itens para o questionário. Posteriormente, foi selecionado um grupo de 10 especialistas no assunto desta pesquisa, que colaboraram remotamente por e-mail na avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa do instrumento. Usando o método Delphi na primeira versão, após obter os valores médios de 10 especialistas em clareza, relevância e importância por meio do coeficiente V de Aiken (0.75), com intervalos de confiança (IC) a 90% e um nível crítico de 0.70, constatou-se que: a pergunta 20 não atingiu o valor mínimo no V de Aiken. Asperguntas 4, 5, 12, 13, 16, 20 em clareza, as perguntas 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 em relevância, as perguntas 7, 12, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 em importância e as perguntas 12, 18, 19, 20, 24 no valor total não atingiram o nível crítico. Com base nos resultados e observações dos especialistas, o questionário passou por uma modificação e construção da sua segunda versão. Essa versão continha 24 itens, com as perguntas 4 e 20 removidas, as perguntas reformuladas abaixo do nível crítico de 0.70 e 2 novas perguntas adicionadas. Esta versão passou por uma segunda rodada com os especialistas e alcançou valores acima de 0.75 no V de Aiken para todas as perguntas, com um IC de 90%. Nenhuma pergunta ficou abaixo do nível crítico de 0.70...(AU)

Paving the Way for Climate Neutral and Resilient Historic Districts.

Climate change is a major global threat to our society's urban areas, with the majority of Europe's population living in cities and their cultural heritage. Historic districts of significant cultural value and the communities connected to these places have an important role to play in fostering location-based identity and economy, social cohesion, innovation, urban regeneration, and climate change adaptation. Thus, it is important to make historic districts climate resilient, by jointly considering climate change adaptation, disaster risk management, heritage management, and sustainable urban development. However, this is often a major challenge for local and regional administrators and relevant stakeholders. This paper constitutes the first major result of the EU R&I Task Force for Climate Neutral and Resilient Historic Urban Districts. It provides an overview of the challenges faced by practitioners and researchers when jointly addressing the needs of resilient historic districts and provides an initial set of recommendations produced by the task force to address these challenges. These challenges cover different issues around five topics (i) data availability, use and its management, (ii) the common responsibility fragmentation in policy and governance, (iii) the challenge on integrating local knowledge and traditions in resilience building, (iv) the difficulties around the co-ownership and co-production in governance and (v) the importance of mainstreaming heritage management in adaptation and resilience policies.

Analysis of ATG4C function in vivo.

ABBREVIATIONS: ATG4 (autophagy related 4 cysteine peptidase); ATG4A (autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase); ATG4B (autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase); ATG4C (autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase); ATG4D (autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase); Atg8 (autophagy related 8); GABARAP (GABA type A receptor-associated protein); GABARAPL1(GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 1); GABARAPL2 (GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 2); MAP1LC3A/LC3A (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha); MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta); mATG8 (mammalian Atg8); PE (phosphatidylethanolamine); PS (phosphatydylserine); SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1).

Role-playing para la mejora de las habilidades comunicativas en estudiantes de grado de Odontología. Un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado / Role-playing for the improvement of communication skills in Dentistry undergraduate students. A non-randomized clinical trial

Introducción: Se trata de analizar el impacto de una secuencia formativa en la autopercepción del alumnado sobre las habilidades comunicativas. Secundariamente, se pretende conocer el grado de satisfacción del alumnado en relación con las actividades propuestas. Mètodos: Es un estudio cuasi experimental realizado sobre cuatro de los subgrupos de prácticas de la asignatura obligatoria de cuarto curso Cirugía Bucal Clínica e Implantología. Dos de los subgrupos recibieron una secuencia formativa específica para la mejora de sus habilidades comunicativas (n = 40) y los otros dos actuaron como controles (n = 47). Al inicio y al final del estudio, los participantes respondieron el cuestionario validado SE-12 de autopercepción sobre comunicación odontólogo-paciente. La estrategia evaluativa fue continua y formativa. Se analizaron y compararon las puntuaciones de los distintos indicadores e instrumentos de evaluación empleados.Resultados: A excepción de un alumno del grupo de control, todos los estudiantes participaron de forma activa en el proyecto. En ambos grupos se observó una mejora estadísticamente significativa en la percepción de las habilidades comunicativas (p < 0,001). No obstante, los alumnos asignados al grupo experimental percibieron una mejora significativamente mayor (diferencia de medias = 0,96 puntos; intervalo de confianza al 95% = 0,66-1,27; p < 0,001). Los alumnos valoraron la secuencia con un 8,56 (desviación estándar = 1,14).Conclusiones: La implementación de la secuencia formativa produjo una mejora en la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre sus habilidades comunicativas. Es necesaria la inclusión de programas longitudinales de formación en comunicación en los planes de estudio para acreditar la consecución de las competencias comunicativas.(AU)

Introduction: To analyze the impact of a training-learning sequence on students' self-perception of communication skills. Secondarily, to know the degree of student satisfaction in relation to the proposed activities.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out on four of the clinical practice subgroups of Clinical Oral Surgery and Implantology (fourth year of study). Two of the subgroups received a specific training-learning sequence to improve their communication skills (n = 40) and the other two served as controls (n = 47). At the beginning and end of the study, the participants answered the validated SE-12 self-perception questionnaire on dentist-patient communication. The evaluation strategy was continuous and formative. The scores of the different indicators and evaluation instruments used were analyzed and compared.Results: Except for one student in the control group, all students participated actively in the project. In both groups, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the perception of communication skills (p < 0.001). However, the students assigned to the experimental group perceived a significantly greater improvement (difference in means = 0.96 points; 95% confidence interval = 0.66-1.27; p < 0.001). The students valued the training-learning sequence with an 8.56 (standard deviation = 1.14).Conclusions: The implementation of the training-learning sequence produced an improvement in the perception that students have about their communication skills. It is necessary to include longitudinal training programs in communication in the curricula to prove the achievement of communication skills competences.(AU)

Multicomponent Training in Progressive Phases Improves Functional Capacity, Physical Capacity, Quality of Life, and Exercise Motivation in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a multicomponent progressive training program (MPTP) on functionality, quality of life (QoL) and motivation to exercise (EM) in a group of older adults (OA) of a community. METHODS: A total of 55 participants of 69.42 ± 6.01 years of age were randomized into two groups; experimental (EG:35) and control (CG:20), and subjected to 27 weeks of MPTP. Functionality (pre/post-intervention) was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Time Up and Go (TUG), Walking While Talking Test (WWT), Manual Dynamometry (MD), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Sit and Reach (SR), Back Scratch (BS), and walk for 2 min (2 mST). QoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire and EM using the BREQ-3. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests were applied. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied. A significance level of p < 0.05 was accepted for all comparisons. RESULTS: The EG compared to the CG improved in SPPB (ΔEG/CG: 29.67%/p < 0.001), TUG (ΔEG/CG: 35.70%/p < 0.05), WWT (ΔEG/CG: 42.93%/p < 0.001), MD (ΔEG/CG: 20.40%/p < 0.05), FEV1 (ΔEG/CG: 21.37%/p < 0.05), BS (ΔEG/CG: 80.34%/p < 0.05), 2 mST (ΔEG/CG: 33.02%/p < 0.05), SF-36 (ΔEG/CG: 13.85%/p < 0.001), and Intrinsic Regulation (ΔEG/CG: 27.97%/p < 0.001); Identified by regulation (ΔEG/CG: 9.29%/p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: An MPTP improves functionality, QoL and EM, and is a safe and effective method for community OAs.

Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor by immobilized zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry reveals novel regulated protein phosphorylation sites and sequence motifs.

Streptomycetes are multicellular gram-positive bacteria that produce many bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antitumorals and immunosuppressors. The Streptomyces phosphoproteome remains largely uncharted even though protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr is known to modulate morphological differentiation and specialized metabolic processes. We here expand the S. coelicolor phosphoproteome by optimised immobilized zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify phosphoproteins at the vegetative and sporulating stages. We mapped 361 phosphorylation sites (41% pSer, 56.2% pThr, 2.8% pTyr) and discovered four novel Thr phosphorylation motifs ("Kxxxx(pT)xxxxK", "DxE(pT)", "D(pT)" and "Exxxxx(pT)") in 351 phosphopeptides derived from 187 phosphoproteins. We identified 154 novel phosphoproteins, thereby almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Novel phosphoproteins included cell division proteins (FtsK, CrgA) and specialized metabolism regulators (ArgR, AfsR, CutR and HrcA) that were differentially phosphorylated in the vegetative and in the antibiotic producing sporulating stages. Phosphoproteins involved in primary metabolism included 27 novel ribosomal proteins that were phosphorylated during the vegetative stage. Phosphorylation of these proteins likely participate in the intricate and incompletely understood regulation of Streptomyces development and secondary metabolism. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method to study protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria and enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling. SIGNIFICANCE: Two thirds of the secondary metabolites used in clinic, especially antibiotics, were discovered in Streptomyces strains. Antibiotic resistance became one of the major challenges in clinic, and new antibiotics are urgently required in clinic. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that streptomycetes harbour many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways, i.e. pathways not expressed in the laboratory. Secondary metabolism is tightly connected with hypha differentiation and sporulation, and understanding Streptomyces differentiation is one of the main challenges in industrial microbiology, in order to activate the expression of cryptic pathways in the laboratory. Protein phosphorylation at Ser/Thr/Tyr modulates development and secondary metabolism, but the Streptomyces phosphoproteome is still largely uncharted. Previous S. coelicolor phosphoproteomic studies used TiO2 affinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS identifying a total of 184 Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Here, we used by first time zirconium (IV) affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, identifying 186 S. coelicolor phosphoproteins. Most of these phosphoproteins (154) were not identified in previous phosphoproteomic studies using TiO2 affinity enrichment. Thereby we almost doubling the number of experimentally verified Streptomyces phosphoproteins. Zr(IV)-IMAC affinity chromatography also worked in E. coli, allowing the identification of phosphoproteins that were not identified by TiO2 affinity chromatography. We conclude that Zr(IV)-IMAC is an efficient and sensitive method for studies of protein phosphorylation and regulation in bacteria to enhance our understanding of bacterial signalling networks. Moreover, the new Streptomyces phosphoproteins identified will contribute to design further works to understand and modulate Streptomyces secondary metabolism activation.

La gestión del liderazgo enfermero y la cultura de seguridad del paciente en las organizaciones sanitarias / Nursing leadership management and patient safety culture in healthcare organizations

Objetivo: actualizar el análisis de la relación del liderazgo enfermero con la seguridad del paciente diferenciando entre los distintos tipos de liderazgo. Método: revisión narrativa realizada entre marzo y diciembre de 2021. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, IBECS y CINAHL, utilizando los términos: Leadership, Patient Safety, Risk Management y Nursing, Supervisory, entre otros. Se incluyeron artículos de los últimos cinco años publicados en español o inglés. La selección se llevó a cabo entre tres investigadoras. Resultados: se encontraron 294 registros de los que 13 fueron incluidos finalmente en la revisión. Tres tipos de liderazgo (auténtico, transformacional y ético) tuvieron asociación con la disminución de eventos adversos. El liderazgo auténtico se mostró como predictor del aumento del clima de seguridad. El liderazgo ético se asoció con mayor notificación de errores. Se identificaron aspectos importantes de la persona que lidera para mejorar la seguridad: en la retroalimentación no asigna culpas, es capaz de transmitir los mensajes de forma adecuada, establece un clima de confianza y una comunicación continuada con el personal, es accesible, motivadora, tiene inteligencia emocional, promueve el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: distintos tipos de liderazgo se asocian a beneficios en la seguridad del paciente. Que las supervisoras desarrollen un liderazgo eficaz y basado en las relaciones positivas favorece una adecuada cultura de seguridad lo que ha de tenerse en cuenta a la hora de promoverla.(AU)

Objective: to update the analysis of the relationship between nursing leadership and patient safety, differentiating between types of leadership. Method: a narrative review conducted between March and December 2021. The PubMed, IBECS and CINAHL databases were consulted, using the terms Leadership, Patient Safety, Risk Management and Nursing, Supervisory, among others. Articles from the past five years published in Spanish or English were included. Three female researchers were in charge of selection. Results: there were 294 records retrieved, 13 of which were finally included in the review. Three types of leadership (authentic, transformational and ethical) were associated with a reduction in adverse events. Authentic leadership appeared as a predictor for an increase in safety environment. The ethical leadership was associated with a higher report of errors. Important aspects of the leader person were identified in order to improve safety: not assigning blame during feedback, being able to convey messages adequately, establishing a trust environment and continuous communication with staff, being accessible and motivating, having emotional intelligence, and promoting teamwork. Conclusions: different types of leadership are associated with benefits in patient safety. Supervisors developing an effective leadership based on positive relationships will encourage an adequate safety culture, which must be taken into account at the time of promotion.(AU)

The SCO2102 Protein Harbouring a DnaA II Protein-Interaction Domain Is Essential for the SCO2103 Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Positioning at Streptomyces Sporulating Hyphae, Enhancing DNA Replication during Sporulation.

Streptomyces DNA replication starts with the DnaA binding to the origin of replication. Differently to most bacteria, cytokinesis only occurs during sporulation. Cytokinesis is modulated by the divisome, an orderly succession of proteins initiated by FtsZ. Here, we characterised SCO2102, a protein harbouring a DnaA II protein-protein interaction domain highly conserved in Streptomyces. The ΔSCO2102 knockout shows highly delayed sporulation. SCO2102-mCherry frequently co-localises with FtsZ-eGFP during sporulation and greatly reduces FtsZ-eGFP Z-ladder formation, suggesting a role of SCO2102 in sporulation. SCO2102 localises up-stream of SCO2103, a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase involved in methionine and dTMP synthesis. SCO2102/SCO2103 expression is highly regulated, involving two promoters and a conditional transcription terminator. The ΔSCO2103 knockout shows reduced DNA synthesis and a non-sporulating phenotype. SCO2102-mCherry co-localises with SCO2103-eGFP during sporulation, and SCO2102 is essential for the SCO2103 positioning at sporulating hyphae, since SCO2103-eGFP fluorescent spots are absent in the ΔSCO2102 knockout. We propose a model in which SCO2102 positions SCO2103 in sporulating hyphae, facilitating nucleotide biosynthesis for chromosomal replication. To the best of our knowledge, SCO2102 is the first protein harbouring a DnaA II domain specifically found during sporulation, whereas SCO2103 is the first methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase found to be essential for Streptomyces sporulation.

Post-COVID Complications after Pressure Ulcer Surgery in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Associate with Creatine Kinase Upregulation in Adipose Tissue.

The risk of complications following surgical procedures is significantly increased in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the mechanisms underlying these correlations are not fully known. Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for pressure ulcers (PUs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in this study. The patient's postoperative progression was registered, and the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) surrounding the ulcers was analyzed by proteomic and immunohistochemical assays to identify the molecular/cellular signatures of impaired recovery. Patients with SCI and a COVID-19-positive diagnosis showed worse recovery and severe postoperative complications, requiring reintervention. Several proteins were upregulated in the adipose tissue of these patients. Among them, CKMT2 and CKM stood out, and CKM increased for up to 60 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Moreover, CKMT2 and CKM were largely found in MGCs within the s-WAT of COVID patients. Some of these proteins presented post-translational modifications and were targeted by autoantibodies in the serum of COVID patients. Overall, our results indicate that CKMT2, CKM, and the presence of MGCs in the adipose tissue surrounding PUs in post-COVID patients could be predictive biomarkers of postsurgical complications. These results suggest that the inflammatory response in adipose tissue may underlie the defective repair seen after surgery.

Methodological Proposal for Strength and Power Training in Older Athletes: A Narrative Review.

INTRODUCTION: Within the adult population, it is not uncommon to meet older athletes who challenge the negative stereotypes associated with aging. Although their physical performance is superior to their sedentary counterparts, they are not immune to impaired neuromuscular function, leading to a decreased physical capacity and an increased risk of injuries. Despite the abundant information about the benefits of strength/power training in advanced ages, there are no methodological proposals that guide physical activity professionals to program this type of training. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the factors related to the decrease in sports performance within older athletes and the benefits of a strength/power program in order to provide a methodological proposal to organize training in this population. METHODS: This is a review article. First, databases from PubMed, Science Direct, and SPORTSDiscus and search engines, namely Google Scholar and Scielo, were reviewed, using standard keywords such as strength and power training, evaluation of physical performance, neuromuscular function, and risk of injury in the elderly athlete. All related articles published during the period 1963 to 2020 were considered. A total of 1837 documents were found. By removing 1715 unrelated documents, 122 articles were included in the study after revision control. RESULTS: Strength/power training is key to alleviating the loss of performance in older athletes and the benefits in neuromuscular function, which helps reduce the rate of serious injuries, maintaining sports practice for a longer period of time. In order to design an appropriate program, a prior evaluation of the individual's physical-technical level must be carried out, respecting the biologicalpedagogical principles and safety regulations. CONCLUSION: The methodological proposal delivered in this review can serve as a technical guide for physical activity professionals, which will be able to structure the strength/power training and thus preserve the sports practice in older athletes for a longer time.

The Modulation of SCO2730/31 Copper Chaperone/Transporter Orthologue Expression Enhances Secondary Metabolism in Streptomycetes.

Streptomycetes are important biotechnological bacteria that produce several clinically bioactive compounds. They have a complex development, including hyphae differentiation and sporulation. Cytosolic copper is a well-known modulator of differentiation and secondary metabolism. The interruption of the Streptomyces coelicolor SCO2730 (copper chaperone, SCO2730::Tn5062 mutant) blocks SCO2730 and reduces SCO2731 (P-type ATPase copper export) expressions, decreasing copper export and increasing cytosolic copper. This mutation triggers the expression of 13 secondary metabolite clusters, including cryptic pathways, during the whole developmental cycle, skipping the vegetative, non-productive stage. As a proof of concept, here, we tested whether the knockdown of the SCO2730/31 orthologue expression can enhance secondary metabolism in streptomycetes. We created a SCO2730/31 consensus antisense mRNA from the sequences of seven key streptomycetes, which helped to increase the cytosolic copper in S. coelicolor, albeit to a lower level than in the SCO2730::Tn5062 mutant. This antisense mRNA affected the production of at least six secondary metabolites (CDA, 2-methylisoborneol, undecylprodigiosin, tetrahydroxynaphtalene, α-actinorhodin, ε-actinorhodin) in the S. coelicolor, and five (phenanthroviridin, alkylresorcinol, chloramphenicol, pikromycin, jadomycin G) in the S. venezuelae; it also helped to alter the S. albus metabolome. The SCO2730/31 consensus antisense mRNA designed here constitutes a tool for the knockdown of SCO2730/31 expression and for the enhancement of Streptomyces' secondary metabolism.

Autophagy Deficiency by Atg4B Loss Leads to Metabolomic Alterations in Mice.

Autophagy is an essential protective mechanism that allows mammalian cells to cope with a variety of stressors and contributes to maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Due to these crucial roles and also to the fact that autophagy malfunction has been described in a wide range of pathologies, an increasing number of in vivo studies involving animal models targeting autophagy genes have been developed. In mammals, total autophagy inactivation is lethal, and constitutive knockout models lacking effectors of this route are not viable, which has hindered so far the analysis of the consequences of a systemic autophagy decline. Here, we take advantage of atg4b-/- mice, an autophagy-deficient model with only partial disruption of the process, to assess the effects of systemic reduction of autophagy on the metabolome. We describe for the first time the metabolic footprint of systemic autophagy decline, showing that impaired autophagy results in highly tissue-dependent alterations that are more accentuated in the skeletal muscle and plasma. These changes, which include changes in the levels of amino-acids, lipids, or nucleosides, sometimes resemble those that are frequently described in conditions like aging, obesity, or cardiac damage. We also discuss different hypotheses on how impaired autophagy may affect the metabolism of several tissues in mammals.

Cross-cultural validation and psychometric testing of the supportive supervisory scale in Spanish.

BACKGROUND: Supervisory effectiveness in long-term care facilities has been identified a key factor in staff satisfaction and quality of care. Determining its utility in Spanish speaking countries will assist with understanding different cultural and health service contexts. OBJECTIVES: To develop and psychometrically test the Supervisory Support Scale in Spanish. The Spanish version of the Supportive Supervisory Scale could be useful for cross-cultural comparisons of supervisory support, which is a key factor to improving work relationships in long-term care facilities. METHODS: Validation was carried out with 405 participants in 37 long-term care facilities. One-way analysis of variance was the test of significance performed to examine the differences among the facilities and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to assess construct validation of the scale. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for each supervisory score in each facility. Structural equation modelling was used to confirm the dimensions of the scale. RESULTS: The item-to-item correlations were positive, ranging from 0.44 to 0.78, indicating good reliability of the scale. The coefficient alpha for the total scale was 0.96. The 15-item had mean item scores which ranged from 2.89 to 3.96 (SD = 1.01-1.26). Standardised factor loadings ranged within a narrow range: 0.75-0.86 for the 'respecting uniqueness' latent variable and 0.76-0.88 for the 'being reliable' latent variable. Construct validity was demonstrated as measure was positively associated with job satisfaction (r = 0.412, p < 0.0001) and was negatively correlated with HCAs' stress and burden. CONCLUSION: The two-factor solution identified in the original scale that highlighted two key attributes of the supervisor; being reliable and respecting uniqueness, was also demonstrated in the Spanish Supervisory Support Scale as there was a moderate fit of the model. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The Spanish version of the Supportive Supervisory Scale could be useful for cross-cultural comparisons of supervisory support in nursing facilities which is a key factor to improving staff relationships and care in nursing facilities.

Effects of multicomponent exercise program with progressive phases on functional capacity, fitness, quality of life, dual-task and physiological variables in older adults: Randomized controlled trial protocol.

INTRODUCTION: The multicomponent exercise program must be carried out in phases, due to the low tolerance of the old adults to prolonged efforts, since their functional reserve is reduced. The aim of study is investigate the effects of Multicomponent on Progressive Phases Program on functional capacity, fitness, quality of life, dual-task and physiological variables in the elderly. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial protocol with blind examiners. The protocol was registered at clinictrials.gov (protocol number: NCT04118478). The experimental group will participate in a progressive multi-component program of 27 weeks divided into 3 phases of 9 weeks each of them. Primary outcomes will be determined by evaluating functional capacity using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and Time up and Go test. Fitness will be determined by the handgrip, 2-min step test, chair sit and reach test, and back scratch test. Quality of life will appear with the SF-36 questionnaire and dual-task with the walking-while-talking test. The physiological variables evaluated will be heart rate and blood pressure at rest, autonomic balance and forced spirometry. Secondary outcomes are determined by measuring the level of physical activity, motivation for exercise, and anthropometric variables. DISCUSSION: The results derived from this research will increase the knowledge about the effects of a program of this type. The possible discoveries could serve as a guide to encourage future researchers to develop similar protocols. The purpose of the program is to serve as a practical and viable tool for the benefit of older people. Clinical trial registry protocol: NCT04118478.

ATG4D is the main ATG8 delipidating enzyme in mammalian cells and protects against cerebellar neurodegeneration.

Despite the great advances in autophagy research in the last years, the specific functions of the four mammalian Atg4 proteases (ATG4A-D) remain unclear. In yeast, Atg4 mediates both Atg8 proteolytic activation, and its delipidation. However, it is not clear how these two roles are distributed along the members of the ATG4 family of proteases. We show that these two functions are preferentially carried out by distinct ATG4 proteases, being ATG4D the main delipidating enzyme. In mammalian cells, ATG4D loss results in accumulation of membrane-bound forms of mATG8s, increased cellular autophagosome number and reduced autophagosome average size. In mice, ATG4D loss leads to cerebellar neurodegeneration and impaired motor coordination caused by alterations in trafficking/clustering of GABAA receptors. We also show that human gene variants of ATG4D associated with neurodegeneration are not able to fully restore ATG4D deficiency, highlighting the neuroprotective role of ATG4D in mammals.

The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers' Flow.

Hiking is a very popular outdoor activity, and has led to an exponential increase in the number of visitors to natural spaces. The objective of this study was to analyze the circulation pattern of visitors to the Caminito del Rey trail, based on the three zones into which the trail can be divided. The sample consisted of 1582 hikers distributed into three different profiles. Of these, 126 utilized an eye-tracking device during the hike, while, for the rest (1456), only their travel speed along the trail was recorded. The use of eye tracking devices identified a greater number of interesting landscapes located in zones 1 and 3 of the trail, and it was observed that the mean travel speed was greater for zone 2 (42.31 m/min) (p < 0.01). Additionally, when the three different visitor profiles were analyzed, significant differences were found between the mean travel speeds according to sectors (p < 0.05). This information is crucial for more efficient management of the trail, as it allows for the development of measures to control and regulate the flow of visitors according to zone, and the design of additional strategies to increase the awareness of the hiker about specific areas of the hike.

Documento español de consenso sobre diagnóstico, estabilización y tratamiento del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico vinculado a SARS-CoV-2 (SIM-PedS) / Spanish consensus document on diagnosis, stabilisation and treatment of pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 (SIM-PedS)

Se ha descrito un nuevo síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico vinculado a SARS-CoV-2. Este cuadro presenta una expresividad clínica variable y se asocia a infección activa o reciente por SARS-CoV-2. En este documento se revisa la literatura existente por parte de un grupo multidisciplinar de especialistas pediátricos. Posteriormente, se realizan recomendaciones sobre estabilización, diagnóstico y tratamiento de este síndrome

A new paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, linked to SARS-CoV-2, has been described. The clinical picture is variable and is associated with an active or recent infection due to SARS-CoV-2. A review of the existing literature by a multidisciplinary group of paediatric specialists is presented in this document. Later, they make recommendations on the stabilisation, diagnosis, and treatment of this síndrome